The monitoring of surface water levels and flow rates has not changed comparing to the previous year. Surface water level recording in the hydrological year 2005 were carried out at 28 gauging stations on the Slovak side and 29 gauging stations on the Hungarian side (Tab. 1-1). On several gauging stations flow rate calculations were performed (10 gauging stations on each side). The observation network is shown in Fig. 1-1a, Fig. 1-1b.

The Parties in the intergovernmental Agreement have agreed to mutually exchange data from these gauging stations. Joint flow rate measurements helped the joint evaluation of flow rates discharged into the Danube downstream of the Čunovo dam and into the Mosoni branch of the Danube. Based on a mutual evaluation of joint measurements, time series data were accepted. These data create the basis for joint evaluation of measures and water supply realised according to Articles 1-3 of the Agreement. 

Table 1-1: List of gauging stations

As part of the 1995 intergovernmental Agreement, signed on April 19, a temporary water management regime was set up. It was agreed that in the case of average annual flow rate of 2025 m³s^-1 at Bratislava-Devín gauging station an annual average of 400 m³s^-1 should be discharged into the Danube old riverbed downstream of Čunovo weir. The actual daily amount of water is governed by the flow rate reaching the Bratislava-Devín profile, taking into consideration the rules of operation described in Annex 2 of the Agreement. The flow rate in the vegetation period, depending on hydrological conditions, should fluctuate from 400 to 600 m³s^-1; in non-vegetation period the flow rate should not be less than 250 m³s^-1. In case of flow rates over 5400 m³s^-1 the amount of water above 600 m³s^-1 discharged through the Čunovo weir is not taken into consideration when the annual average is calculated. An additional 43 m³s^-1 of water was agreed in the Agreement to be discharged into the Mosoni branch of the Danube and the right side seepage canal.

The gauging station Bratislava-Devín plays a key role in determining the amount of water to be discharged into the old Danube riverbed downstream of the Čunovo weir. The minimum daily flow rate occurred on December 20, 2004, when the average daily flow rate was 870 m³s^-1. The maximum flow rate occurred on July 13, 2005, when it reached 6740 m³s^-1, with a maximum average daily flow rate of 6545 m³s^-1. The average annual flow rate at this station in the hydrological year 2005 was 2146 m³s^-1, which was the sixth highest annual average flow rate observed since 1992 (Tab. 1-2). Considering the course of water levels and flow rates during the hydrological year 2005 it can be stated that no unusual values occurred. February, March, April, May, July, August and September 2005 were water rich months; while December 2004 and June 2005 belonged to the dry months. November 2004, January and October 2005 belonged to medium water rich months. Extremely water rich months or extremely dry months did not occur.

     Table 1-2: Average annual flow rates

Low flow rates in the Danube prevailed from the beginning of the hydrological year till the end of the first decade of February 2005. Rich precipitation and higher temperatures caused a sudden increase of flow rate, which culminated on February 13, 2005 at 4936 m³s^-1. After a continuous decrease of flow rate a new flood wave occurred in the second half of March, culminating on March 21, 2005 at 6155 m³s^-1. Following a slight decrease the daily average flow rate had stabilised around 4000 m³s^-1 till the beginning of April. The continuous decrease continued during the first two decade in April. The flow rate in the third decade of April and in May fluctuated around an average value of 3000 m³s^-1 with two culminations exceeding 4000 m³s^-1. During June 2005 the average daily flow rates were balanced and after a decrease at the beginning of the month fluctuated around 2000 m³s^-1. Heavy rainfall during the first decade of July caused a steep rise of flow rate from the beginning of the second decade. The flow rate culminated on July 13, 2005 at 6740 m³s^-1, what represented the yearly maximum. The culmination was followed by a steep decrease to approximately 2000 m³s^-1 and the decrease slightly continued till the mid of August 2005. In the second half of August two significant increases occurred as a response to heavy rains in the Austrian part of the Danube basin, culminating at 5570 m³s^-1 (17.8.) and 6259 m³s^-1 (25.8.). Following the second culmination the flow rates in the Danube continuously decreased till the end of the hydrological year 2005 when it reached the value of approximately 1000 m³s^-1.

The course of flow rates during the hydrological year 2005 at gauging station No. 1250 - Bratislava-Devín is shown in Fig. 1-2.

1.1. Discharge into the Danube downstream of Čunovo weir 

The determination of the average daily amount of water discharged into the Danube downstream of the Čunovo weir was based on average daily flow rates determined at stations Doborgaz and Helena (Fig. 1-3).

The monthly characteristics of the daily average flow rates into the Danube in the hydrological year 2005 were as follows:

The average annual flow rate in the Danube at the Bratislava-Devín profile in hydrological year 2005 was 2146 m³s^-1. Taking into consideration obligations envisaged in the intergovernmental Agreement, the Slovak Party was obliged to release an average annual discharge of 423.9 m³.s^-1 into the Danube riverbed downstream of the Čunovo weir. The total average annual discharge released to the Danube downstream of Čunovo was 445.1 m³s^-1.

During hydrological year 2005 it was necessary to release an amount of water into the riverbed downstream of Čunovo exceeding 600 m³s^-1 on three occasions, due to high flow rates in the Danube. According to the modified method of average discharge calculation, accepted in the Joint Annual Report on the environment monitoring in 2004, discharges exceeding 600 m³s^-1, while the flow rate in the Danube was higher than 5400 m³s^-1, were reduced to 600 m³s^-1. When subtracting the amount of water over 600 m³s^-1 released during the flood events (8 values), the average annual flow rate of 436.2 m³s^-1 is obtained, which represents 102.9 % of the amount requested by the Agreement. The yearly average minimum of 233.6 m³s^-1 in the Danube old riverbed was measured on October 12, 2005; the yearly average maximum of 1757 m³s^-1 was recorded on July 13, 2005.

When evaluating the amount of water discharged to the Danube old riverbed, it can be stated that Slovak Party fulfilled the average annual discharge jointly agreed in the intergovernmental Agreement. Taking into consideration the minimal values prescribed in the Agreement (in the winter period not less than 250 m³s^-1, in the vegetation period at least 400 m³s^-1) it can be stated that both, the minimal daily average discharges in the winter period and the minimal daily average discharges in the summer period were satisfied. 

1.2. Discharge into the Mosoni branch of the Danube 

According to the intergovernmental Agreement, the discharge into the Mosoni branch of the Danube should be 43 m³s^-1, which is composed of both the discharge released to the Mosoni branch of the Danube through the intake structure at Čunovo, and the discharge through the seepage canal. Discharge measurements are carried out downstream of the intake structure on the Slovak territory at 0.160 rkm and also upstream of lock No. I on the Hungarian territory. The average daily discharges were agreed after the joint evaluation of joint discharge measurements performed at both profiles. In this evaluation, data measured just downstream of the intake structure was considered (Fig. 1-4).

The monthly characteristics of the amount of water released into the Mosoni Danube through intake at Čunovo in the hydrological year 2005 were as follows:

The average annual discharge was 40.13 m³s^-1. The minimal daily average discharge was 12.28 m³s^-1; the maximal daily average discharge was 47,75 m³s^-1.

The flow rate in the right side seepage canal was measured at two sites as well. The first is on Slovak territory at Čunovo; the second is on Hungarian territory at lock No. II. In the evaluation the data observed at lock No. II was considered.

The monthly characteristics of the flow rates recorded at lock No. II in the hydrological year 2005 were as follows:

The average annual flow rate was 2.23 m³s^-1. The minimal daily average discharge was 0.85 m³s^-1; the maximal daily average discharge was 4.62 m³s^-1.

The monthly characteristics of the total flow rate released into the Mosoni Danube in the hydrological year 2005, consisting of the water amount discharged through the intake structure at Čunovo and water amount flowing in the right side seepage canal, were as follows:

The total average annual flow rate was 42.36 m³s^-1, which represents 98.5 % of the agreed amount. The minimal daily average discharge was 14.64 m³s^-1; the maximal daily average discharge was 51.31 m³s^-1.

There had been a trend of a slow decrease in discharge observed in the seepage canal during previous years, so the hydrological conditions did not allow the continuous release of 3 m³s^-1, as envisaged in the Agreement. Regardless the technical (maintenance of turbines) and hydrological conditions it can be stated that the total water amount of 43 m³s^-1 envisaged in the Agreement, discharged through the Mosoni Danube and through the seepage canal, was satisfied.

1.3. Water distribution on the Hungarian territory 

The goal of distributing water on the Hungarian side is to provide a continuous water supply into the inundation area, into the river branches on the flood-protected area and into the Mosoni Danube. 

1.3.1. Water supply into the inundation area

The river branches in the inundation area on the Hungarian side can be supplied by water from two sources. These two flows are summed to get the total amount.

a)         Through three openings in the Danube riverbank, by manipulating the water level increased by the submerged weir and the Dunakiliti dam. The total inflowing discharge is measured at Helena.

b)        From the seepage canal through lock No. V.

Joint discharge measurements by both Parties were performed at the Helena profile. The measurements were jointly evaluated and the average daily flow rate data were accepted.

The monthly flow rates characteristics at Helena profile in the hydrological year 2005 were as follows:

The average annual flow rate was 72.57 m³s^-1. The minimal daily average discharge was 6.16 m³s^-1; the maximal daily average discharge was 206.7 m³s^-1.

The monthly flow rates characteristics at lock No. V in the hydrological year 2005 were as follows:

The average annual flow rate was 19.67 m³s^-1. The minimal daily average discharge was 0.00 m³s^-1; the maximal daily average discharge was 44.40 m³s^-1.

The monthly flow rates characteristics of the total amount of water released into inundation area in the hydrological year 2005 (Fig. 1-5):

The total average annual flow rate supplied into river branches in the inundation area was 92.24 m³s^-1. The minimal daily average discharge was 32.30 m³s^-1; the maximal daily average discharge was 206.7 m³s^-1. 

1.3.2. Water supply into the Mosoni Danube

The water supply into the Mosoni Danube is secured from the seepage canal through lock No. VI (Fig. 1-6). The flow rate is measured at the profile downstream of the lock.

The monthly characteristics of flow rates through lock No. VI in the hydrological year 2005 were as follows:

The average annual flow rate in the Mosoni Danube at lock No. VI. was 25.04 m³s^-1. The minimal daily average discharge was 7.34 m³s^-1; the maximal daily average discharge was 45.50 m³s^-1.

The water supply regime is regulated by rules of operation and follows the Danube’s water regime. During the non-vegetation period a low water period was simulated in the Mosoni Danube as well. This was done by redirecting of a large part of the water from the seepage canal into the inundation area through lock No. V., while amount of water taken from the Danube upstream of Dunakiliti was reduced. Besides its water supply function lock No. I also has a flood protection function. It prevents floods entering the flood-protected area. 

1.4. The Danube water level characteristics on the Čunovo-Vámosszabadi stretch 

The Danube stretch between Čunovo and Vámosszabadi can be divided into four different sections according to the prevailing influence. These sections can be characterised by data obtained from the following gauging stations: Rajka and Hamuliakovo, Dunakiliti, Doborgaz and Dobrohošť, Dunaremete and Gabčíkovo. Vámosszabadi and Medveďov.

The characteristics of four sections on the Čunovo-Vámosszabadi stretch in hydrological year 2005 are the following:

a)      Čunovo - Dunakiliti section. The water level in this section has been impounded since construction of the submerged weir. This impounded section supplies water into the right side river branch system. The amount of water released to the river branch system is determined by water level regulation at the Dunakiliti dam. The water level is kept in the mid-water riverbed. Average flow velocities fluctuated in the range between 0.33 - 1.68 ms^-1. In hydrological year 2005 discharges exceeding 600 m³s^-1 were released into the Danube old riverbed on three occasions. For the first time it was on March 20-21, when the highest flow rate reached 952 m³s^-1. For the second time it was from July 12 to July 14, when the discharge culminated at 1757 m³s^-1. The last one occurred during August 25-27, when the flow rate reached 963 m³s^-1. Moreover from May 6, 2005 to May 20, 2005 water amount of 800 m³s^-1 was discharged to the Danube old riverbed downstream of Čunovo on request of the Hungarian side, due to artificial flooding of the right side inundation area.     
The average daily water level at the Hamuliakovo gauging station (rkm 1850) fluctuated from 122.17 to 124.47 m a. s. l. and the average annual water level was 123.09 m a. s. l. The daily average water level in the Rajka profile (rkm 1848.4) fluctuated from 122.62 to 124.08 m a. s. l. and the average annual water level was 123.06 m a. s. l (Fig. 1-7).

b)     Section between Dunakiliti and Dunaremete. This section of Danube is not influenced by any measures and the water level is determined only by the flow rate in this riverbed section. In the upper part of this section the water level in river branches is about 3 m higher than the water level in main riverbed. The average daily water level at the Dobrohošť gauging station (rkm 1838.6) fluctuated in the range from 117.24 to 120.85 m a. s. l. and the average annual water level was 117.77 m a. s. l. The average daily water level at the Dunaremete profile (1825.5) fluctuated from 113.44 to 117.23 m a. s. l. and the average annual water level was 114.02 m a. s. l (Fig. 1-8). The average flow velocities fluctuated in the range between 0.74-1.83 ms^-1.

c)      Section between Dunaremete and Sap. The water level in this section is influenced by the backwater effect from the confluence of the tailrace canal and the Danube old riverbed (rkm 1811). The water level changes, especially in the lower part of this section, are influenced by the flow rates in the tailrace canal. The length of the upstream section influenced by the backwater effect depends on the actual flow rate distribution between the hydropower station and the Danube old riverbed. At regular operation it can be stated that the backwater effect reaches the Dunaremete profile (rkm1825.5) at flow rates over 2500 m³s^-1 at Medveďov. The average daily water level at the Gabčíkovo gauging station (rkm 1819) fluctuated in the range from 111.65 to 115.96 m a. s. l. and the average annual water level was 112.39 m a. s. l (Fig. 1-9). The daily water level fluctuation at the Gabčíkovo gauging station in the Danube old riverbed can reach app. 0.20 m as a consequence of hydropower station operation.

d)     Sap – Vámosszabadi section. The flow rate in this section approximately equals the flow rate at Bratislava and is additionally influenced by the Gabčíkovo hydropower station operation. The daily water level fluctuation at this stretch (up to 0.30 m) depends on the hydropower station operation. Higher changes occur at low flow rates in the Danube due to the ratio of the total flow rate and the capacity of one turbine, which may be put into operation or stopped. The average annual flow rate at the Vámosszabadi-Medveďov profile in 2004 was 2060 m³s^-1. The average daily water level at Medveďov profile (rkm 1806.3) fluctuated in the range from 108.18 to 114.60 m a. s. l. and the average annual water level was 110.11 m a. s. l (Fig. 1-10).